Moon Jae in Well Done Again Today
| His Excellency Moon Jae-in | |
|---|---|
| 文在寅 | |
 Official portrait, 2018 | |
| twelfth President of South Korea | |
| In role 10 May 2017 – 9 May 2022 | |
| Prime Government minister |
|
| Preceded by |
|
| Succeeded by | Yoon Suk-yeol |
| Leader of the Democratic Party | |
| In office ix February 2015 – 27 Jan 2016 | |
| Preceded by | Moon Hee-sang (interim) |
| Succeeded by | Kim Chong-in (interim) |
| Fellow member of the National Assembly | |
| In office 30 May 2012 – 29 May 2016 | |
| Preceded past | Chang Je-won |
| Succeeded by | Chang Je-won |
| Constituency | Sasang (Busan) |
| Chief of Staff to the President | |
| In office 12 March 2007 – 24 February 2008 | |
| President | Roh Moo-hyun |
| Preceded by | Lee Byung-wan |
| Succeeded by | Yu Woo-ik |
| Personal details | |
| Built-in | (1953-01-24) 24 January 1953 Geoje, South Gyeongsang, South korea |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Kim Jung-sook (m. 1981) |
| Children | two |
| Parents |
|
| Residence(s) | Blue House |
| Didactics | Kyung Hee University (LLB) |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Religion | Catholic (Christian name: Timothy) |
| Signature |  |
| Website | MoonJaein.com 19president.pa.become.kr |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  South korea |
| Branch/service |  South korea Army |
| Years of service | 1975–1978 |
| Rank | Sergeant (Korean: Byeongjang) |
| Unit | Army Special Warfare Command |
| Battles/wars | Operation Paul Bunyan[1] |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 문재인 |
| Hanja | 文在寅 |
| Revised Romanization | Mun Jaein |
| McCune–Reischauer | Mun Chaein |
| IPA | [mundʑɛin] or [mun t͡ɕɛin] |
Moon Jae-in [a] (Korean: 문재인 ; Hanja: 文在寅 ; Korean pronunciation: [mun.dʑɛ.in];[b] built-in 24 Jan 1953) is a South Korean politician and former ceremonious rights lawyer who served as the 12th President of South Korea from 2017[ii] [3] [4] [5] to 2022.[6] [7]
Prior to his presidency, he served equally senior secretary for civil affairs as well equally chief of staff to Roh Moo-hyun,[8] fellow member of the 19th National Assembly, and leader of the Autonomous Political party of Korea (DPK).
Built-in to N Korean refugees of House of Moon in Hamhung, Moon was raised in poverty in the southern port urban center of Busan.[9] He excelled in school and studied law at Kyung Hee Academy. He became a lawyer and later involved in human rights activism with Roh Moo-hyun. He was imprisoned for organizing a protest against the Yushin Constitution. As a issue of his work in human being rights law, Moon was chosen to be the 2002 Due south Korean presidential election campaign manager for his longtime mentor Roh Moo-hyun in his successful bid.[ten] He served in Roh's administration in various official capacities. In 2012, Moon was a candidate for the Democratic United Party in the 2012 South Korean presidential election, in which he lost narrowly to Park Geun-hye; Park was aided in this election by domestic intelligence services.[11]
In the 2017 South Korean presidential election, Moon was elected president as the DPK candidate post-obit the impeachment of Park Geun-hye and her subsequent removal.[12] [13] As president, Moon has achieved international attending for his meetings with North Korean chairman Kim Jong-united nations at inter-Korean summits in Apr, May, and September 2018, making him the third Due south Korean president to meet their North Korean counterpart. On June 30, 2019, he met with both Kim and Donald Trump, and so-president of the Usa, at the Korean Demilitarized Zone.
Moon favors the Sunshine Policy, a peaceful Korean reunification.[14] On economical policy, he favors reform of chaebols (conglomerates),[15] has raised the minimum wage by more than 16 per centum,[16] and lowered the maximum workweek from 68 to 52 hours.[17] During the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea, Moon has received praise domestically and internationally,[18] and helped his political party win a historic victory in the 2020 South Korean legislative election.[19]
Early on life, education, and war machine service [edit]
Moon Jae-in was born in Geoje, Southward Korea, on Jan 24, 1953, shortly before the end of the Korean War, as the 2nd child and oldest son among five children of father Moon Yong-hyung and mother Kang Han-ok. His parents were refugees from Southward Hamgyong Province, North Korea who fled their native urban center of Hungnam in the Hungnam evacuation during the Korean War.[20] His father worked every bit caput of agriculture department who detains food, especially rice of Korean colonial people every bit one of the main tasks at the Heungnam, Hamju, South Hamgyong Province.[21] [22]
His family eventually settled in Busan. Since his male parent did not desire to become a regime employee as he had been in North Korea, his begetter started a business organisation selling socks, which left his family unit in great debt. His mother became the main earner by selling clothes received from relief organizations and delivering briquettes. Moon'south family became attached to the Catholic Church building when his mother went to the local cathedral to receive whole milk powder. Moon in one case said in an interview that he did not know how to ride a bike since his family was too poor to afford a bike or a monthly school tuition.[23]
Moon entered Kyungnam High School and reportedly placed at the tiptop of his class.[20] [24] He was accustomed to report constabulary at Kyung Hee Academy with a full scholarship.[25] At university, he met his time to come wife, Kim Jung-sook. Subsequently organizing a educatee protest confronting the Yushin Constitution, he was arrested, convicted, imprisoned, and expelled from the academy.[xx] [26] [27] Later, he was conscripted into the armed forces and assigned to the S Korean special forces, where he participated in "Functioning Paul Bunyan" during the axe murder incident in Panmunjom.[28] [29]
Afterwards his honourable discharge, the expiry of his male parent influenced him to decide to take the bar exam. He stayed at the Buddhist temple of Daeheungsa to written report for the examination, and passed the commencement of two rounds in 1979. In 1980, he returned to the university to complete his remaining year of his studies. Subsequently that yr, he passed the second round and was admitted to the Judicial Research and Grooming Institute. He graduated from the Constitute every bit the second in his class but was non admitted equally a judge or state prosecutor due to his history of pupil activism against the Yushin dictatorship under Park Chung-hee.[30] Moon chose to go into private practice instead.
Early career [edit]
Human rights lawyer [edit]
After condign a lawyer, he worked under future president Roh Moo-hyun in the 1980s.[31] Along with Roh, he took cases involving the labor rights problems and became renowned for his work in labor homo rights.[32] They remained friends up until Roh's suicide in 2009.
He was a founding member of the progressive S Korean newspaper, The Hankyoreh, in 1988.[33] [34]
Roh Moo-hyun assistants [edit]
Yielding to Roh's insistence, Moon became Roh's entrada manager during his presidential bid.[ten] After Roh's victory, Moon became Roh's close aide belongings various roles in a presidential administration. Moon held roles as Senior Presidential Secretary for Civil Affairs, Senior Presidential Secretarial assistant for Ceremonious Guild and Chief Presidential Secretary from 2003 to 2008. When the National Assembly voted to impeach Roh in 2004, Moon led the legal delegation for Roh at the Constitutional Court and won the case. Moon, equally Roh'due south master of staff, led the preparation committee of the 2nd Inter-Korean Top but did not nourish the summit.
Political career earlier the presidency [edit]
Entrance to politics [edit]
Despite his earlier indifference, he began to become involved in politics. He published a memoir called Moon Jae-in: The Destiny which became a bestseller.[35] His popularity had been ascent steady confronting the likely opponent in the presidential race, Park Geun-hye. In a February 2012 poll, Moon rivaled Park in popularity.[36]
Moon managed to capitalize on the conservatives' reject in popularity among a series of corruption scandals. Every bit one pundit said, "Moon had managed to portray himself as a moderate and rational leader who has the backing of the younger generation".[37]
2012 general election [edit]
In 2012, Moon entered a bid for a seat in the National Associates in the 19th legislative ballot. Moon won a seat in the Sasang District of Busan on Apr eleven, 2012, as a fellow member of the Democratic United Party with 55% of the vote.[25] As of 2021, Sasang Commune belongs to the Bourgeois Political party.[38]
2012 presidential entrada [edit]
On September 16, 2012, Moon received the presidential nomination for the Democratic United Party.
He ran for the 2012 presidential election as the Democratic United Party's candidate in a three-mode race against Park Geun-hye, the incumbent ruling party's candidate and girl of the tardily president Park Chung-hee,[39] also as contained software mogul Ahn Cheol-soo. Ahn dropped out of the race and endorsed Moon subsequently polls showed a most likely definitive loss for both candidates were there to be a three-style race against Park. Moon went on to lose the ballot.
Leader of the Democratic Party [edit]
Moon was elected every bit the leader of New Politics Alliance for Democracy (NPAD) on February 2, 2015. Prior to his ballot, Moon and NPAD party leader and 2012 presidential candidate rival Ahn Cheol-soo had many public disputes over the direction of the party.
Moon'southward official role led Ahn Cheol-soo to quit and class the centrist People's Party. Ahn'southward departure and Moon's new tenure as party leader led to renaming the liberal, NPAD Political party as the new Democratic Party.
During his leadership, Moon scouted several politically prominent people, including police studies/criminology expert Pyo Chang-won, political critic Lee Chul-hee, and former president Park's secretary Cho Ung-chun to prepare for upcoming 2016 legislative elections. After his recruitment, Moon resigned his position for another scouted advisor/former Park counselor Kim Chong-in.[forty]
2017 presidential ballot [edit]
Chief and full general ballot [edit]
Moon at his first press conference as president in 2017
Moon was considered the frontrunner to win Korea's 2017 presidential election, which would exist the 19th term of the country's presidency, following the impeachment and removal of Park Geun-hye. The election had originally been scheduled for December 2017, but was brought forwards to May 2017 in order to ensure that they would accept place within lx days of Park's removal, equally required by the Constitution.
He won the Democratic Party's nomination against fellow party members Ahn Hee-jung, Lee Jae-myung, and Choi Sung with 57% of the votes.
The general election originally had xv announced candidates. Moon faced four other major political party nominees during the ballot, including 2012 presidential rival and past political party colleague Ahn Cheol-soo of the People'south Party and Hong Jun-pyo of the Liberty Korea Party. He was elected the 19th president of South korea in Korea'due south 19th presidential ballot by a large plurality over two.
On May 10, 2017, Moon won the election with a plurality of 41.1% votes (out of 13,423,800 votes nationwide).[41] As Moon was elected in a special election, he did not have the usual lx-day transition menstruum of previous administrations, but was instead inaugurated the day after the election.
Entrada positions on domestic policy [edit]
Economic policy [edit]
Moon's campaign promise in 2017 included intentions to put a 10 trillion won ($8.9 billion) fiscal stimulus to back up job creation, start-ups, and pocket-size to mid-sized companies. His announced goal is to create 810,000 public sector jobs through raising taxes on the wealthy.[42]
Moon's policy against corporate corruption, specifically in regards to Korean conglomerates known as "chaebols " is to give "minority shareholders more than power in electing lath members" of the companies.[42]
Transparency [edit]
Moon too promised transparency in his presidency, moving the presidential residence from the palatial and isolated Bluish Business firm to an existing government complex in downtown Seoul.[43]
[edit]
In a televised presidential debate, Moon said he opposes homosexuality,[44] in response to conservative candidate Hong Jun-pyo's remarks that gay soldiers were a source of weakness in the South Korean military machine. Moon's remark prompted firsthand criticism during the debate from Sim Sang-jung, the sole presidential candidate to back up LGBT rights and a member of the left wing Justice Party.[45] The conservative remark also prompted outrage from gay rights activists, considering Moon's representation as the leading liberal candidate and former human rights lawyer. Some of Moon's supporters dismissed the comments as a necessity to win, as South Koreans tend to be conservative in social issues.[46] Moon later antiseptic his comments suggesting that he still believes in that location should be no discrimination based on sexual orientation while opposing legalizing same-sexual activity marriage.[47]
Campaign positions on foreign policy [edit]
Moon has favored a peaceful reunification between the two Koreas. He was both widely criticized and widely praised for his comments stating that his offset visit if elected president would be to visit Democratic people's republic of korea, a visit that would be not different Roh Moo-hyun'south visit to the country in 2007. Similarly, Moon'south strange policy towards North Korea is considered to closely align with the Sunshine Policy embraced past former liberal presidents Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun.[34]
His 2017 presidential entrada has supported re-opening of the Kaesong industrial park.[48]
Moon's relatively liberal opinion in strange policy is reflected as he is quoted in a book: "I'm pro-U.S., but now Southward Korea should adopt diplomacy in which it can discuss a U.Due south. asking and say no to the Americans."[49] He opposes a re-rest of the security alliance with the U.s., simply has also stated that he would like South Korea "to be able to have the pb on matters on the Korean Peninsula."[34] At the aforementioned fourth dimension, Moon has stated that he considers America equally a "friend" for its role in helping Due south Korea avoid communism while helping its economical growth.[50]
Presidency (2017–2022) [edit]
| | This section needs to exist updated. (May 2022) |
| The Moon Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|
| Office | Name | Term |
| President | Moon Jae-in | 2017–2022 |
| Prime Minister | Lee Nak-yon | 2017–2020 |
| Chung Sye-kyun | 2020–2021 | |
| Kim Boo-kyum | 2021–2022 | |
| Deputy Prime Government minister of Economy and Minister of Economy and Finance | Kim Dong-yeon | 2017–2018 |
| Hong Nam-ki | 2018–2022 | |
| Deputy Prime Minister of Social Affairs and Government minister of Education | Kim Sang-gon | 2017–2018 |
| Yoo Eun-hae | 2018–2022 | |
| Minister of Scientific discipline and ICT | Yoo Yeong-min | 2017–2019 |
| Choi Ki-immature | 2019–2021 | |
| Lim Hyesook | 2021–2022 | |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Kang Kyung-wha | 2017–2021 |
| Chung Eui-yong | 2021–2022 | |
| Government minister of Unification | Cho Myung-kyun | 2017–2019 |
| Kim Yeon-chul | 2019–2020 | |
| Lee In-immature | 2020–2022 | |
| Minister of Justice | Park Sang-ki | 2017–2019 |
| Cho Kuk | 2019–2019 | |
| Choo Mi-ae | 2020–2021 | |
| Park Beom-kye | 2021–2022 | |
| Government minister of National Defense force | Song Young-moo | 2017–2018 |
| Jeong Kyeong-doo | 2018–2020 | |
| Suh Wook | 2020–2022 | |
| Government minister of the Interior and Safety | Kim Boo-kyum | 2017–2019 |
| Chin Young | 2019–2020 | |
| Chun Hae-chul | 2020–2022 | |
| Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism | Do Jong-hwan | 2017–2019 |
| Park Yang-woo | 2019–2021 | |
| Hwang Hee | 2021–2022 | |
| Minister of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs | Kim Yung-rok | 2017–2018 |
| Lee Gae-ho | 2018–2019 | |
| Kim Hyeon-soo | 2019–2022 | |
| Minister of Trade, Industry and Free energy | Baek Woon-kyu | 2017–2018 |
| Sung Yun-mo | 2018–2021 | |
| Moon Sung-wook | 2021–2022 | |
| Government minister of Wellness and Welfare | Park Neung-hoo | 2017–2020 |
| Kwon Deok-cheol | 2020–2022 | |
| Minister of Environs | Kim Eun-kyung | 2017–2018 |
| Cho Myung-rae | 2018–2021 | |
| Han Jeoung-ae | 2021–2022 | |
| Minister of Employment and Labor | Kim Young-joo | 2017–2018 |
| Lee Jae-gap | 2018–2021 | |
| An Kyung-duk | 2021–2022 | |
| Minister of Gender Equality and Family | Chung Hyun-back | 2017–2018 |
| Jin Dominicus-mee | 2018–2019 | |
| Lee Jung-ok | 2019–2020 | |
| Chung Young-ai | 2020–2022 | |
| Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport | Kim Hyun-mee | 2017–2020 |
| Byeon Chang-heum | 2020–2021 | |
| Noh Hyeong-ouk | 2021–2022 | |
| Minister of Oceans and Fisheries | Kim Young-choon | 2017–2019 |
| Moon Seong-hyeok | 2019–2022 | |
| Minister of SMEs and Startups | Hong Jong-hak | 2017–2019 |
| Park Young-lord's day | 2019–2021 | |
| Kwon Chil-seung | 2021–2022 | |
Moon Jae-in takes the presidential oath at the National Assembly, May 10, 2017.
Moon Jae-in's presidential Job Approving rating
Moon was sworn into function immediately after official votes were counted on x May, replacing Acting President and Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn. At that place was no transition period between the election and inauguration, unlike other presidential elections due to the nature of an election post-obit a presidential impeachment.[51] He served out the typical unmarried v-year term with his presidential term last in 2022.[6] [52]
Domestic policy [edit]
Chaebol reform [edit]
Republic of korea's economic growth has been attributed in large function to Chaebols, or family-owned conglomerates. Prominent examples of conglomerates include Samsung and Hyundai,[53] concentrated ability (bunco), connections with the government including nigh recently the 2016 Choi Before long-sil scandal which ultimately led to the special election Moon won. Moon later appointed "chaebol sniper" Kim Sang-jo, a well-known shareholder activist, to the role of fair-merchandise commissioner aimed at reforming chaebols.[54]
Tech policy [edit]
As President, Moon signed into constabulary an amendment to the Telecommunications Business Act that has been referred to as the "Anti-Google Law". The legislation prohibits Apple and Google, which operate the App Shop and Google Play Store, respectively, from requiring app developers on these platforms to use their payment systems to sell their products. Every bit a upshot, app developers will exist able to avoid paying commission to Apple tree or Google by directing customers to pay through alternate platforms.[55]
Wellness care policy [edit]
Moon's health intendance policy included the benefit coverage expansion in National Health Insurance.[56]
Prosecution reform [edit]
Prosecution reform was carried out every bit office of a rearrangement plan of the police, the prosecution, and the National Intelligence Service (NIS).[57]
Uppercase punishment [edit]
Moon opposed efforts to re-implement capital punishment.[58]
Minimum wage [edit]
Moon's goernment launched a serial of minimum wage hikes. One of these was in 2018, which raised the minimum wage by 16.4% from the previous yr to 7,530 won (US$6.65) an hr.[59] [60] In a 2018 report, the NGO Oxfam cited Republic of korea equally one of the few countries in Asia to have fabricated efforts to reduce inequality that yr.[61]
Maximum hour piece of work week [edit]
The maximum hour piece of work week was reduced from 68 to 52.[62] In October 2018, a written report conducted by a telecommunications business firm found that in central Seoul the amount of time people spent in or almost their workplace fell by 55 minutes, and time spent of leisure activities went upward in residential areas.[60] However, they found little to no change elsewhere in the country.[sixty] Bars and restaurants in central Seoul reported a loss in business.[sixty]
Pedagogy [edit]
Moon's predecessor and girl of Park Chung-hee, Park Geun-hye, originally planned to mandate usage of state-issued history textbooks in 2018. Moon reversed those plans in May 2017 in one of his first major acts every bit president. Critics of Park's original plan saw this as a way for Park to mitigate some representations of her father's oppressive policies under a dictatorial rule, just highlighting the positive accomplishments of the past. Park previously stated in 2015 that she wanted to supervene upon the "left-leaning" books with those created from the government that would instill greater patriotism.[63] Although the Park government responded to subsequent backfire by switching from its official position of requiring the textbooks to exist used, to allowing schools the pick to apply them, Moon's action scrapped the programme birthday. Schools connected using privately published, government-approved textbooks written under educational guidelines instead.[64]
Animal rights and dog meat [edit]
During his campaign, Moon promised to adopt a dog from an animal sanctuary; this was considered relevant to S Korean politics, as the country allows for consumption of canis familiaris meat. He adopted Tory, a four-year-old black mongrel saved from a dog meat farm, from an animal rights grouping. The move was considered every bit sending "a strong message against the dog meat trade".[65]
Energy [edit]
Moon's administration focused on increasing South korea's consumption of natural gas, away from nuclear and coal as sources of free energy. These plans include delaying construction on nuclear reactors as well equally re-opening dialogue effectually a natural gas pipeline that would come from Russia and laissez passer through North korea.[66] At the event on June 19, 2017, marking the end of operations at South korea'southward oldest nuclear reactor, Kori Unit i, Moon outlined his plan for the time to come of energy in Korea, saying "we volition carelessness the development policy centered on nuclear ability plants and leave the era of nuclear energy." This would be implemented by canceling plans for new nuclear power plants and non renewing licenses for operating plants. In addition, he shut down eight coal-fired power plants upon assuming office in May 2017, and pledged to shut downwards the remaining x coal plants past the cease of his term. In the long term, he envisioned renewable sources would somewhen be able to encounter Korea's demand, just in the acting, proposed liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a stopgap measure while coal and nuclear were taken offline in the coming decades.[67]
COVID-19 pandemic [edit]
Moon wearing a protective mask in March, 2021
Moon's response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been praised both domestically and internationally.[eighteen] In the beginning few weeks of March 2020, daily cases fell from 800 to fewer than 100, reducing daily cases by more than than ninety% at its peak.[68]
However, more 1.5 million South Koreans signed a petition to impeach Moon over what they claimed was the government'due south initial mishandling of the coronavirus outbreak in South korea.[69] In response, more 1.3 million South Koreans signed a second petition in just two weeks to back up Moon over what they claimed was the government's capable control of the coronavirus.[seventy]
An opinion poll conducted betwixt March 5 and 6, 2020 by Embrain, a public polling company, showed that 53% of the public had a positive evaluation of Moon's treatment of the coronavirus crisis.[71] An opinion poll by Gallup Korea in the start week of March 2020 showed his approval rating rose from 44% to 67%, due to public's blessing of his assistants's handling of the outbreak.[72] Past January 2021, co-ordinate to a Realmeter survey, his approval rating decreased to 34%, the everyman point during his presidency.[73]
Co-ordinate to the Yonhap News Bureau, James Kim, the Chairman of the American Chamber of Commerce in Korea stated that "Korea is proactively and transparently dealing with COVID-19. The confirmed cases are surging in Korea, due to the state's well-prepared testing procedures compared to other countries."[74] CNBC'due south Matt McCarthy, a New York City medico, praised Moon's government work on solving the coronavirus crunch, stating that "Southward Korea had been able to test tens of thousands of people. With the country's aggressive testing efforts, Korea's death toll from the affliction is less than 1%, while the global boilerplate is 3.4%. This is thanks to the government's early on preparation for the outbreak of infectious diseases."[75]
LGBT rights [edit]
Moon opposes same-sex marriage. In a 2017 presidential television debate, he openly alleged that he opposes homosexuality.[76] [77]
Speaking to Buddhist and Christian religious leaders in October 2019, Moon said, "A national consensus should exist the priority for aforementioned-sex marriage. However, regarding the man rights of sexual minorities, they should not be socially persecuted or discriminated against."[78]
In July 2020, the proposal of South Korea's first comprehensive anti-discrimination law, which would provide legal protection for minority communities, including the LGBTQ community, did non receive whatever open up support from Moon.[79] Even so, in December 2020, in a special report by the National Man Rights Committee of Korea, Moon emphasized the necessity of enacting the Equality Act in the state.[eighty]
Man Rights Picket, in their Give-and-take Report 2020, chosen on the Korean regime to accept note of the urgent need for protecting the rights of Korea's lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community.[81] "President Moon Jae-in, who started his legal career fighting for homo rights, is in several ways failing to promote them now," said John Sifton, Asia advancement managing director at Homo Rights Watch. "In 2020, he and his government need to reverse form and prioritize human rights in Republic of korea, Democratic people's republic of korea, and worldwide."[82] [ improve source needed ]
2020 legislative election and subsequent reforms [edit]
Moon's Democratic Political party won 163 constituency seats, while their satellite Platform party won 17 proportional representation seats, giving the alliance a total of 180 seats in the 300-seat assembly, plenty to reach the three-fifths super-bulk required to fast-runway associates procedures and "do everything but revising the Constitution at the parliament."[83] This was the largest majority for whatever party since commonwealth was restored in 1987.[84] The United Future Political party and their satellite Hereafter Korea Party won 84 constituency and 19 proportional seats respectively; their total of 103 seats (34.3%) was the worst bourgeois result since the 1960 legislative elections.
Later, with its new three-fifths majority, the Democratic Political party implemented a series of reforms and were approved by the National Assembly in December 2020 including:[85]
- removal of the National Intelligence Service (NIS)'due south involvement in domestic intelligence and activities and transferring of such powers to the National Police Agency[86]
- Revisions to the May 18 Special Human action, penalizing those involved in making fake factual claims regarding the 1980 Gwangju Insurgence
- Revisions to the Inter-Korean Relations Human action, penalizing sending of flyers to Democratic people's republic of korea via balloons launched near the demilitarized zone
- Revisions to the Labor Standards Act, setting the maximum work week to 52 hours a calendar week, including overtime while allowing a business organisation to exceed the 52-hour limit past giving an extended paid vacation for workers.
- guaranteed paid parental leave for temporary workers
- expansions to the range of workers who tin participate in unions and raising the maximum duration of a collective bargaining agreement from 2 years to three years.
- launch of the new Corruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials (CIO) and stripping the opposition'south correct to veto appointments of a new agency head.
- establishment of local policing, allowing each metropolis and province to establish its own democratic police forcefulness instead of a single national constabulary.
- establishment of a new National Bureau of Investigation, quasi-independent and insulated from the National Police Agency.
Foreign policy [edit]
International relations [edit]
Moon with U.S. president Joe Biden in May 2021
Moon visited the United States to meet with U.S. President Donald Trump in June 2017, discussing U.S.-Korea merchandise relations as well as Northward Korea'southward missile programs.[87] Moon revealed in a joint news conference that President Trump accepted an invitation to visit Due south Korea.[88]
N Korea [edit]
Kim and Moon shake easily in greeting at the demarcation line.
Outlining his Northward Korea strategy in a speech in Berlin, Germany, on July half dozen, 2017, Moon characterized the process leading to unification equally a long-term project, rather than laying out any detailed plans for a unified Korea.
He emphasized brotherhood with the United States and specified the need to clinch dismantlement of North Korea'southward nuclear weapons program. At the same time he presented the question of unification in a regional context and signaled his hopes of working in cooperation with the international community. He supported sanctions confronting Democratic people's republic of korea, while leaving open the possibility of their existence rescinded, and indicated that information technology is crucial to establish a peace treaty with North Korea to end the Korean State of war officially in commutation for denuclearization.[89]
Moon opposed the full deployment of THAAD (Last Loftier Distance Surface area Defence) systems during his presidential campaign and called for more peace talks engaging with North korea.
As of tardily July, following North Korea'due south latest missile launch and increasingly aggressive actions, Moon asked the U.Southward. permission to build up its domestic defense systems and temporarily ready a full THAAD system.[xc]
Moon met with Kim Jong-united nations, Chairman of the Workers' Political party of Korea, on April 27, 2018.[91]
The inter-Korean rapprochement arouses broad enthusiasm among the South Korean population: Moon Jae-in's popularity reached 68% in April 2018.[92]
Kim and Moon met once again on May 26. The second meeting was besides at the DMZ, this time on the North Korean side of the Panmunjom hamlet.[93] The meeting took ii hours. The meeting had not been publicly announced beforehand.[94] The meeting was largely centered effectually the cancelled summit with Donald Trump.[93]
In September 2018, Moon Jae-in visited Pyongyang in the September 2018 inter-Korean summit. He and 150 delegates—including prominent figures in business, culture, and religion—flew to the Sunan Airport in Pyongyang and met with Kim Jong-un.[95] The two Korean leaders announced an understanding to decrease hostilities on the DMZ, further joint-economical projects, and open up Northward Korean weapons facilities to international experts.[96] The leaders also gave a speech to 150,000 North Korean citizens in the Rungrado 1st of May Stadium with themes of unification, lasting peace, and friendship.[97] Moon as well climbed Mount Paektu with Kim, which had been a "long unfulfilled dream" for him.[98] And Moon was called "Kim Jong Un'southward Top Spokesman" by Bloomberg News.[99] In Oct 2018, Moon visited Europe and lobbied for reconciliation with Democratic people's republic of korea during the tour.[100] [101]
In March 2019, U.N. panel accused South Korea of violating sanctions by not notifying the Security Council about its deliveries of petroleum products for apply at inter-Korean joint liaison office.[102] Likewise in the Annex of the Updated Guidance on Addressing Democratic people's republic of korea's Illicit Aircraft Practices, issued from United States Section of the Treasury, a ship of Republic of korea was listed as that believed to accept engaged in transport-to-ship transfers with North Korean tankers.[103]
In January 2020, Moon was still serious about inter-Korean cooperation.[104] Withal, on June 16, North Korea blew up an inter-Korean joint liaison office.[105] On September 23, equally video spoken communication at 75th Session of Un Full general Assembly, Moon mentioned about his hope that "the UN and the international customs provide back up then that we can accelerate into an era of reconciliation and prosperity through the end-of-state of war declaration" and "the end-of-state of war annunciation will open the door to complete demilitarization and permanent peace government on the Korean Peninsula."[106]
Unemployment [edit]
In January 2019, South Korea'due south unemployment charge per unit hit 4.5%,[107] the highest number observed for the month of January since 2010,[108] while the youth unemployment rate, which tracks Koreans aged 25–34 who take not secured jobs, reached its highest in South korea in xix years. According to Statistics Korea, 338,000 immature Koreans were unemployed in July 2018. The number is the highest since youth unemployment marked 434,000 in 1999, as the nation was notwithstanding recovering from the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Some experts said the electric current Moon Jae-in government'south purportedly pro-labor policies, including the raise in minimum wage, which led The Wall Street Journal to telephone call President Moon Jae-In'southward economic program "Asia's virtually radical left-fly",[109] and reduction of maximum weekly work hours from 68 to 52, may be contributors to the increasing number of Koreans unable to observe jobs.[110]
In November 2018, the Financial Times reported that President Moon Jae-In replaced Kim Dong-yeon, finance minister, by Hong Nam-ki, an economic policy official currently serving in the prime minister's part, and Jang Ha-sung, presidential chief of staff for policy. The reshuffle sets the stage for new economic ideas "in a nation that is struggling to transition away from its one time-successful manufacturing model".[111]
As of December 2021, the unemployment rate was down to 3.7%, the everyman since 2017 and in line with the unemployment charge per unit of the previous two decades.[112]
Post-presidency [edit]
Quondam President Moon shakes hands with his successor Yoon Suk-yeol after Yoon's inauguration, x May 2022.
Moon left role on nine May 2022 and was succeeded the next day by Yoon Suk-yeol, who previously was appointed by Moon to exist Prosecutor Full general of South korea. Moon as well was the concluding president to occupy the Blue House equally the official presidential office and residence after 74 years, equally Yoon moved the presidential part to the sometime Ministry of Defence edifice at Yongsan District, Seoul upon taking role. Moon now resides at Pyeongsan Village, at Yangsan, Due south Gyeongsang Province.[113]
Legacy [edit]
Moon left function as the most pop president in the history of the 6th Commonwealth since free and off-white elections resumed in 1987.[113] [114] Notwithstanding, critics claimed that this good rating was because he ran a massive PR campaign to create, and maintain a good public epitome, and also because he did not tackle controversial bug of the day which would have brought his ratings downwards.[115]
OECD and Pew Research Center polls showed that during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, which took place during Moon's presidency, Southward Koreans' levels of trust in government increased, and the government oversaw a more responsive and effective disaster response to the pandemic compared to previous disasters which took place in Republic of korea, such equally the MERS outbreak in 2015 and the Sewol ferry sinking of 2014.[116] Moon's regime reduced the maximum 60 minutes piece of work calendar week from 68 hours to 52, which led to an increase in piece of work-life residual, increased the minimum wage, expanded childcare benefits and provision, and likewise health intendance coverage.[116] Moon's government also began a transition to dark-green economic growth, introducing a Green New Deal plan and pledged carbon neutrality by 2040.[116]
However, Moon's government didn't act on a new anti-discrimination neb despite having a majority in the National Assembly. Information technology also failed to effectively resolve a housing crunch in the Seoul expanse and its surroundings (where half of South Korea's population resides).[116] The Seoul housing crisis was said to be enough to swing the 2022 presidential election to the opposition conservatives to succeed Moon.[117]
For strange policy, Moon would be remembered for presiding over South Korea's increased stature and prestige in international affairs as a middle power, and pushing frontward with trade negotiations with South Eastern asia and India under his signature New Southern Policy (NSP). NSP aimed to diversify S Korea'southward economical and strategic relationships due to doubt caused by increasing contest between its closest ally, the United States, and the largest trading partner, Red china.[118] However, Moon'southward summits with North korea failed to achieve whatsoever significant breakthrough in inter-Korean or Usa-Democratic people's republic of korea relations, and relations between Due south Korea and Japan fell to further new lows.[118]
Electoral history [edit]
Honours [edit]
National honours [edit]
Foreign distinctions [edit]
Other awards [edit]
Controversies and issues [edit]
Libel case [edit]
In September 2015, Moon sued old prosecutor Koh Young-ju for libel in response to a statement he had made during Moon's campaign in 2013. Koh had been quoted as calling Moon a "communist."[125] As a public figure, Koh had been noted for his investigation into the Burim incident, where he investigated five alleged communists who were later convicted of violating the anti-Communist National Security Constabulary.[126] On August 23, 2018, Seoul Central District Court Judge Kim Kyung-jin. Koh lauded the ruling every bit a victory for freedom of speech in S Korea.[127] But on June 2, 2020, the case was appealed. The prosecutor representing Moon is seeking one and a half years of jail time for Koh.[128]
2018 opinion rigging scandal in South korea [edit]
In Apr 2018, a grouping of supporters of the S Korean President Moon Jae-in were charged with online opinion rigging.[129] The defendant suspects were the members of the ruling Democratic Party (DPK).[130] The principal perpetrator, too as the leader of the pro-Moon group, was a well-known power-blogger chosen "Druking".[129]
In 2018, the special prosecutor indicted Gyeongnam Province Governor Kim Kyung-soo in relation to this case. In 2019, he was jailed for 2 years on charges of online-rigging operations in both the first and second example.[131] On 21 July 2021, he was sentenced to two years by the Supreme Court for calculator business obstruction and eventually lost his position as governor.[132] [133]
Rallies held by anti-Moon [edit]
In 2019, on the Liberation Twenty-four hour period August xv, large-calibration flag rallies occurred in cardinal Seoul, including Seoul Station, City Hall Plaza, Daehanmun, and the outer ring of Gwanghwamun Plaza, calling to impeach Moon Jae-in. The protest demonstration was besides held on October 3, the national foundation day.[134]
In 2020, although a fasten in new coronavirus cases in South Korea has prompted authorities to reimpose tighter social distancing curbs in Seoul, there were thousands of demonstrators protesting against Moon Jae-in's policies.[135] [136] Police said that they will probe all participants of demonstrations held in downtown Seoul on the twenty-four hours to look into whether they violated a court decision related to COVID-xix and other regulations.[137] On October 3 the national foundation twenty-four hour period, conservative groups held drive-thru anti-government rallies in southern Seoul, amidst concerns about the spread of the new coronavirus.[138]
Alleged harassment of man rights groups [edit]
On July 13, 2020, Park Sang-hak, a citizen of South Korea and North Korean defector, wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post. He contended that the Moon administration was working to silence human rights activists in an effort to placate North Korea. Park wrote, "10 days ago, a TV station revealed my home address to the world, exposing me to other North Korean assassins and their supporters in the South. My personal banking company accounts are under investigation, and the government has forbidden me from leaving the country. On June thirty, the government moved to pull the civic licenses of our nongovernmental arrangement, preventing the states from holding clemency fundraisers."[139] Park cited other examples of the Moon administration'southward interference with human being rights activists, including a 2018 attempt by NIS agents nether the Moon administration to block journalists from accessing a oral communication by Thae Yong-ho, the highest-ranking official known to have defected from Democratic people's republic of korea.[140]
In response to the Moon administration'southward treatment of Park Sang-hak, the Democratic people's republic of korea Liberty Coalition issued a letter of the alphabet to President Moon. It declared that human being rights activists had been "harassed" and urged the Moon administration to "cease these actions of intimidation which seek to silence their freedom of expression." The alphabetic character noted that the South Korean authorities's actions appeared to conflict with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights treaty, which was signed by South korea in 1990.[141] Signatories included Suzanne Scholte.[142]
Personal life [edit]
Family [edit]
Moon married Kim Jung-sook, a vocalizer at Kyung Hee University where he was too a student.
He and Kim both individually revealed in separate Korean talk shows that they met each other when Moon was a student activist protesting the Yushin Constitution.[143]
He has a girl and a son.[144]
Pets [edit]
Moon and Kim now live with at to the lowest degree four dogs and a cat at the Bluish Business firm.
Before elected as the president in 2017, they lived with several dogs and cats who were all once abased by their previous guardians. Amid those, a dog Maru ( 마루 , a Pungsan domestic dog) and a cat Jjing-jjing (or Jjing-Jjing-ee 찡찡 or 찡찡이 ) have been confirmed to live with them at the Blue Business firm either by the media or its official social media posts. Jjing-jjing is the state'due south kickoff-ever "Commencement Cat."[145]
After settling in at the official presidential residence at the Blue House, a dog Tory ( 토리 , a mixed-breed) was adopted from an animal shelter in contrast with other "First Dogs" who accept traditionally been purebred Jindo dogs.[146] [147] In regards to Tory's adoption, Moon stated that "we need to pay more than attending to abandoned animals and treat them as a guild" and that he wanted to remove the stigma against Tory's dark glaze, which contributed to him being virtually un-adoptable for two years afterwards he was rescued in 2015.[148] He also received a pair of Pungsan dogs male Song-gang ( 송강 ) and female Gom-ee ( 곰이 ) from North Korean counterpart Kim Jong-un every bit a gift shortly after meeting in September 2018.[ citation needed ] Gom-ee subsequently gave birth to six puppies San-ee, Deul-ee, Gang-ee, Byul-ee, Dal-ee and Hen-nim ( 산이, 들이, 강이, 별이, 달이 and 햇님 ) named after Korean words for parts of nature - a mountain, grass field, a river, a star, the Moon and the Dominicus. On August thirty, 2019, six puppies accept been sent to Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon and Gwangju leaving their parents at the Blue House.[149]
Religion [edit]
Moon is the tertiary Korean president who is a Catholic, later Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun (a lapsed Catholic). Moon'south married woman, Kickoff Lady Kim Jung-sook, is also Cosmic. He is the 2nd leader who remains a practicing Catholic while in office; his baptismal (or Christian) name is Timothy.[150]
Nickname [edit]
His nickname is the "Dark Male monarch" (Korean: 명왕 ; Hanja: 冥王 ; RR: Myeong-wang ), after the grapheme Silvers Rayleigh from the Japanese manga serial One Piece.[151]
[edit]
- Moon Jae-in (June fifteen, 2011). 문재인의 운명 [Fate of Moon Jae-in] (in Korean) (1st ed.). Seoul: Gagyo. ISBN978-89-7777-188-8.
- ———————; Kim In-hoe (Nov 23, 2011). 검찰을 생각한다 [Think of the prosecution] (in Korean). Paju: May Books. ISBN978-89-966875-2-8.
- ——————— (August half dozen, 2012). 사람이 먼저다 [Person comes first] (in Korean). Seoul: Majestic Cow. ISBN978-89-97838-02-8.
- ——————— (August 8, 2012). 문재인이 드립니다 [Moon Jae-in gives information technology] (in Korean). Paju: Leaders Book. ISBN978-89-01-14936-three.
- ——————— (December x, 2013). 1219 끝이 시작이다 [1219 The stop is beginning] (in Korean). Seoul: Bada Books. ISBN978-89-5561-690-3.
- ——————— (Jan twenty, 2017). 대한민국이 묻는다 [Korea Asks You] (in Korean). Paju: Book 21. ISBN978-89-509-6884-7.
- ———————; Lee Na-mi (March 23, 2017). 운명에서 희망으로 [From Fate To Hope] (in Korean). Paju: Dasan Books. ISBN979-xi-306-1171-6.
See as well [edit]
- Outline of South Korea
Notes [edit]
- ^ In this Korean name, the family unit name is Moon.
- ^ In Korean, the given proper noun Jae-in is pronounced Korean pronunciation: [t͡ɕɛ.in] in isolation.
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Moon Jae-in, a liberal politico and a leading Minjoo (Democratic Party) personality, leads the polls and is the prospective side by side President of Republic of korea.
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External links [edit]
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_Jae-in
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